e39465ad2f
new file: Files/flashplayer_32_sa.exe
new file: favicon.ico
new file: globe.gif
new file: imgs/download.png
new file: imgs/zuck.jpg
new file: index.html
new file: other.ico
new file: script.js
new file: site.webmanifest
new file: sitemap.html
new file: styles/backround.css
new file: styles/border.css
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/OFL.txt
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-Black.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-Bold.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-BoldItalic.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-ExtraLight.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-ExtraLightItalic.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-Italic.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-Light.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-LightItalic.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-Regular.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-SemiBold.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/Titillium_Web/TitilliumWeb-SemiBoldItalic.ttf
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/generator_config.txt
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/specimen_files/grid_12-825-55-15.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/specimen_files/specimen_stylesheet.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/stylesheet.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/titilliumweb-extralight-demo.html
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/titilliumweb-extralight-webfont.woff
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-163353/titilliumweb-extralight-webfont.woff2
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/generator_config.txt
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/specimen_files/grid_12-825-55-15.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/specimen_files/specimen_stylesheet.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/stylesheet.css
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/titilliumweb-bold-demo.html
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/titilliumweb-bold-webfont.woff
new file: styles/fonts/webfontkit-20221027-165950/titilliumweb-bold-webfont.woff2
new file: styles/style.css
new file: tools/2048/.gitignore
new file: tools/2048/.jshintrc
new file: tools/2048/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file: tools/2048/LICENSE.txt
new file: tools/2048/README.md
new file: tools/2048/Rakefile
new file: tools/2048/favicon.ico
new file: tools/2048/index.html
new file: tools/2048/js/animframe_polyfill.js
new file: tools/2048/js/application.js
new file: tools/2048/js/bind_polyfill.js
new file: tools/2048/js/classlist_polyfill.js
new file: tools/2048/js/game_manager.js
new file: tools/2048/js/grid.js
new file: tools/2048/js/html_actuator.js
new file: tools/2048/js/keyboard_input_manager.js
new file: tools/2048/js/local_storage_manager.js
new file: tools/2048/js/tile.js
new file: tools/2048/meta/apple-touch-icon.png
new file: tools/webretro/cores/neocd_libretro.js
new file: tools/webretro/cores/neocd_libretro.wasm
new file: tools/webretro/cores/nestopia_libretro.js
new file: tools/webretro/cores/nestopia_libretro.wasm
new file: tools/webretro/cores/o2em_libretro.js
new file: tools/webretro/cores/o2em_libretro.wasm
new file: tools/webretro/cores/opera_libretro.js
new file: tools/webretro/cores/opera_libretro.wasm
151 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
151 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
|
<html lang="en"><!-- #BeginTemplate "/Templates/Advanced.dwt" --><!-- DW6 -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/physics/x-rays-gamma.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:51:40 GMT -->
|
|
<head>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
|
|
|
|
<!-- #BeginEditable "doctitle" -->
|
|
<title>X-Rays and Gamma Rays</title>
|
|
<meta name="description" content="X-rays and Gamma Rays are high frequency electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays, X-rays, and some ultraviolet waves have such high energy that they are ionizing, meaning they can knock electrons out of atoms. ">
|
|
|
|
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">reSpell=[["meter","metre"],["ionization","ionisation"],["ionizing","ionising"]];</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- #EndEditable -->
|
|
<meta name="keywords" content="math, maths, mathematics, school, homework, education">
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes">
|
|
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true">
|
|
<meta name="referrer" content="always">
|
|
<link rel="preload" href="../images/style/font-champ-bold.ttf" as="font" type="font/ttf" crossorigin="">
|
|
<link rel="preload" href="../style4.css" as="style">
|
|
<link rel="preload" href="../main4.js" as="script">
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../style4.css">
|
|
<script src="../main4.js" defer="defer"></script>
|
|
<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
|
|
<script async="" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-29771508-1"></script>
|
|
<script>
|
|
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
|
|
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
|
|
gtag('js', new Date());
|
|
gtag('config', 'UA-29771508-1');
|
|
</script>
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
<body id="bodybg" class="adv">
|
|
|
|
<div id="stt"></div>
|
|
<div id="adTop"></div>
|
|
<header>
|
|
<div id="hdr"></div>
|
|
<div id="tran"></div>
|
|
<div id="adHide"></div>
|
|
<div id="cookOK"></div>
|
|
</header>
|
|
|
|
<div class="mid">
|
|
|
|
<nav>
|
|
<div id="menuWide" class="menu"></div>
|
|
<div id="logo"><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/style/logo-adv.svg" alt="Math is Fun Advanced"></a></div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="search" role="search"></div>
|
|
<div id="linkto"></div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="menuSlim" class="menu"></div>
|
|
<div id="menuTiny" class="menu"></div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
<div id="extra"></div>
|
|
|
|
<article id="content" role="main">
|
|
|
|
<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 class="center">X-Rays and Gamma Rays</h1>
|
|
|
|
<p>X-rays and Gamma Rays are high frequency <a href="electromagnetic-spectrum.html">electromagnetic</a> radiation:</p>
|
|
<div class="script" style="height: 260px;">
|
|
images/em-spectrum.js
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/ionizing-atom2.svg" alt="ionizing atom" height="195" width="293"></p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Energy and Ionization</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<p class="larger">Gamma rays, X-rays, and some ultraviolet waves have such high energy that they are <b>ionizing</b>, meaning they can knock electrons out of atoms.</p>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<p>This makes atoms charged and more likely to form new chemical reactions, which can be harmful to our cells, killing them or changing them so they grow out of control and form cancer.</p>
|
|
<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"> </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>X-Rays</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>X-rays have high energy and can pass through many materials, including our bodies!</p>
|
|
<p>Different materials absorb x-rays at different levels.</p>
|
|
|
|
<div class="example">
|
|
|
|
<h3>Example: Bones absorb X-rays more than muscles, so our skeleton shows up on an x-ray. </h3>
|
|
<p class="center"><img src="images/x-ray-hand.jpg" alt="x ray hand" height="170" width="300"><br>
|
|
X-ray of a hand on a computer mouse</p>
|
|
<p>The x-ray plate gets <b>darkened</b> by the x-rays, so our bones appear whiter.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p>But X-rays are bad for us right? Yes, they are!</p>
|
|
<p>But an X-ray scan uses very <b>little</b> radiation, and the risks are small compared to the benefits of knowing what is inside our body when we are sick or injured.</p>
|
|
<p>People who work with x-rays every day need to be careful about their exposure. They must leave the room before running the x-ray and also wear lead aprons.</p>
|
|
<p>X-rays can also be used to scan bags and boxes to discover hidden item.</p>
|
|
<p class="center"><img src="images/x-ray-electronics.jpg" alt="x ray electronics" height="245" width="300"><br>
|
|
An X-ray of electronic equipment</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Sources</h3>
|
|
<p>The Sun sends out X-rays, but they are thankfully blocked by Earth's atmosphere.</p>
|
|
<p>We can make X-rays by having high energy electrons hit heavy metal objects such as tungsten:</p>
|
|
<p class="center"><img src="images/x-ray-tube.svg" alt="x ray tube" height="169" width="355"></p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Soft and Hard</h3>
|
|
<p>There are "soft" and "hard" X-rays.</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>Soft X-rays are between ultraviolet and gamma rays on the electromagnetic spectrum</li>
|
|
<li>Hard X-rays are in the same region as gamma rays</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2>Gamma Rays</h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Gamma rays have the <b>highest energy</b> , highest frequency and shortest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.</p>
|
|
<p>Frequencies are greater than about 10<sup>18</sup> Hz. That is <i>1,000,000,000,000,000,000 cycles per second</i>. A fantastically high rate!</p>
|
|
<p>And wavelengths are less than 100 picometers. A picometer (<b>pm</b> for short) is <b>one millionth <i>of a millionth</i></b> of a meter.</p>
|
|
<p>And the energy is enormous, about a <b>million</b> times the energy of <a href="light.html">light</a>.</p>
|
|
<p>Whichever way you look at it, gamma rays are extreme.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Sources</h3>
|
|
<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/solar-flare.jpg" alt="solar flare" height="150" width="200"></p>
|
|
<p>Gamma rays are emitted from very high energy sources like neutron stars and pulsars</p>
|
|
<p>And also by lightning and radioactive decay.</p>
|
|
<p>The Sun also creates gamma rays but they don't escape from the Sun, except from solar flares.</p>
|
|
|
|
<h3>Danger!</h3>
|
|
<p>Gamma radiation causes damage to our cells. So gamma rays are dangerous, but also useful in special applications like killing cancer cells.</p>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<div class="questions">17749, 17752, 17755, 17757</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="related">
|
|
<a href="electromagnetic-spectrum.html">Electromagnetic Spectrum</a>
|
|
<a href="index.html">Physics Index</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- #EndEditable -->
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
|
|
<div id="adend" class="centerfull noprint"></div>
|
|
<footer id="footer" class="centerfull noprint"></footer>
|
|
<div id="copyrt">Copyright © 2021 Rod Pierce</div>
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body><!-- #EndTemplate -->
|
|
<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/physics/x-rays-gamma.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:51:45 GMT -->
|
|
</html> |