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<title>Radians</title>
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<h1 align="center">Radians</h1>
<p class="center"><i>The angle made when the radius <br>
is
wrapped round the circle:</i></p>
<p class="center"><img src="images/radian-circle.svg" alt="radian in circle" /></p>
<table border="0" align="center">
<tr>
<td><img src="images/radian.svg" alt="1 radian is about 57.2958 degrees" /></td>
<td width="20">&nbsp;</td>
<td><p>1 Radian is <i>about</i> 57.2958 <a href="degrees.html">degrees</a>. </p></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="center"><i>Why &quot;57.2958...&quot; degrees?</i> We will see in a moment.</p>
<p class="larger">The <b>Radian</b> is a pure measure based on the <b>Radius</b> of the circle:</p>
<iframe src="iradian.html" scrolling="no" style="width:362px; height:282px; overflow:hidden; margin:auto; display:block; border:none;"></iframe>
<p class="center larger"><b>Radian</b>: the angle made when we take the <b>radius</b> <br />
and wrap it round the circle.</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
<h2>Radians and Degrees </h2>
<p>Let us see why 1 Radian is equal to 57.2958... degrees:</p>
<iframe src="iradian-circ.html" scrolling="no" style="width:362px; height:282px; overflow:hidden; margin:auto; display:block; border:none;"></iframe>
<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="../numbers/images/pi-circle.gif" width="172" height="188" alt="radius of 1, pi is half of circumference" /></p>
<p>In a half circle there are
<span class="larger"><span class="times">&pi;</span> radians</span>, which is also <span class="larger">180&deg;</span></p><div class="tbl">
<div class="row"><span class="left"><span class="large center"><span class="times">&pi;</span> radians =</span></span><span class="right"><span class="large center">180&deg;</span></span></div>
<div class="row"><span class="left"><span class="large center">So <b>1 radian</b> = </span></span><span class="right"><span class="large center">180&deg;/<span class="times">&pi;</span></span></span></div>
<div class="row"><span class="left">=</span><span class="right"><span class="large center">57.2958...&deg;</span></span></div>
<div class="row"><span class="left">&nbsp;</span><span class="right"><span class="large center"> (approximately)</span></span></div>
</div>
<p>To go from <b>radians to degrees</b>: multiply by 180, divide by <span class="times">&pi;</span></p>
<p>To go from <b>degrees to radians</b>: multiply by <span class="times">&pi;</span>, divide by 180</p>
<p>Here is a table of equivalent values:</p>
<div class="simple">
<table align="center">
<tr align="center">
<th>Degrees </th>
<th>Radians<br />
(exact)</th>
<th>Radians<br />
(approx)</th>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>30&deg;</td>
<td><span class="times">&pi;</span>/6</td>
<td>0.524</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>45&deg;</td>
<td><span class="times">&pi;</span>/4</td>
<td>0.785</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>60&deg;</td>
<td><span class="times">&pi;</span>/3</td>
<td>1.047</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>90&deg;</td>
<td><span class="times">&pi;</span>/2</td>
<td>1.571</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>180&deg;</td>
<td><span class="times">&pi;</span></td>
<td>3.142</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>270&deg;</td>
<td>3<span class="times">&pi;</span>/2</td>
<td>4.712</td>
</tr>
<tr align="center">
<td>360&deg;</td>
<td>2<span class="times">&pi;</span></td>
<td>6.283</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
</div>
<div class="example">
<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/radian-string.svg" alt="radians circle 6.28... pieces of string" /></p>
<h3>Example: How Many Radians in a <a href="full-rotation.html">Full Circle</a>? </h3>
<p>Imagine you cut pieces of string exactly the length from the <b>center to the circumference of a circle</b> ... </p>
<p>... how many pieces do you need to go <b>once around </b> the circle? </p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p class="center larger">Answer: 2<span class="times">&pi;</span> (or about <b>6.283</b> pieces of string). </p>
</div>
<h2>Radians Preferred by Mathematicians</h2>
<p>Because the radian is based on the pure idea of <i>&quot;the radius being laid along the circumference</i>&quot;, it often gives simple and natural results when used in mathematics.</p>
<p><b>For example</b>, look at the <a href="../sine-cosine-tangent.html">sine function</a> for very small values:</p>
<div class="simple">
<table align="center">
<tr>
<th width="116">x
(radians)</th>
<td width="116" height="18">1</td>
<td width="102" height="18">0.1</td>
<td width="77" height="18">0.01</td>
<td width="77">0.001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>sin(x)</th>
<td>0.8414710</td>
<td>0.0998334</td>
<td>0.0099998</td>
<td>0.0009999998</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br />
</div>
<div align="center"><span class="larger">For very small values. &quot;x&quot; and &quot;sin(x)&quot; are almost the same</span><br />
(as long as &quot;x&quot; is in Radians!)
</div>
<br />
<p>There will be other examples like that as you learn more about mathematics. </p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>So, degrees are easier to use in everyday work, but radians are much better for mathematics.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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