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<h1 align="center">High School Statistics and Probability Common Core Standards</h1><p align="center">Here are the <a href="core-index.html">Common Core Standards</a> for High School Statistics and Probability, with links to resources that support them. We also encourage plenty of exercises and book work.</p><div class="corYrSubj">High School Statistics and Probability | Interpreting Categorical & Quantitative Data</div>
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<div class="corTitle">Summarize, represent, and interpret data on a single count or measurement variable.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.A.1</span><span class="corDescr">Represent data with plots on the real number line (dot plots, histograms, and box plots). </span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/dot-plots.html">Dot Plots</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quartiles.html">Quartiles</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/histograms.html">Histograms</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-results.html">Showing the Results of a Survey</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.A.2</span><span class="corDescr">Use statistics appropriate to the shape of the data distribution to compare center (median, mean) and spread (interquartile range, standard deviation) of two or more different data sets. </span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/outliers.html">Outliers</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quartiles.html">Quartiles</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/range.html">The Range</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/mean-machine.html">The Mean Machine</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/central-measures.html">Finding a Central Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-formulas.html">Standard Deviation Formulas</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../median.html">How to Find the Median Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-calculator.html">Standard Deviation Calculator</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../mean.html">How to Calculate the Mean Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation.html">Standard Deviation and Variance</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../mode.html">How to Calculate the Mode or Modal Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/mean-frequency-table.html">Calculating the mean from a frequency table</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.A.3</span><span class="corDescr">Interpret differences in shape, center, and spread in the context of the data sets, accounting for possible effects of extreme data points (outliers). </span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/outliers.html">Outliers</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/skewness.html">Skewed Data</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-normal-distribution.html">Normal Distribution</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../median.html">How to Find the Median Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../mean.html">How to Calculate the Mean Value</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../mode.html">How to Calculate the Mode or Modal Value</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.A.4</span><span class="corDescr">Use the mean and standard deviation of a data set to fit it to a normal distribution and to estimate population percentages. Recognize that there are data sets for which such a procedure is not appropriate. Use calculators, spreadsheets, and tables to estimate areas under the normal curve.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quincunx.html">Quincunx</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quincunx-explained.html">Quincunx Explained</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-normal-distribution.html">Normal Distribution</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-normal-distribution-table.html">Standard Normal Distribution Table</a></div></div>
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<div class="corTitle">Summarize, represent, and interpret data on two categorical and quantitative variables.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.B.5</span><span class="corDescr">Summarize categorical data for two categories in two-way frequency tables. Interpret relative frequencies in the context of the data (including joint, marginal, and conditional relative frequencies). Recognize possible associations and trends in the data.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/relative-frequency.html">Relative Frequency</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../activity/estimation.html">Activity: Estimation</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../activity/random-add-multiply.html">Activity: Random or Not?</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.B.6</span><span class="corDescr">Represent data on two quantitative variables on a scatter plot, and describe how the variables are related.<br />
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a. Fit a function to the data; use functions fitted to data to solve problems in the context of the data. Use given functions or choose a function suggested by the context. Emphasize linear, quadratic, and exponential models.<br />
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b. Informally assess the fit of a function by plotting and analyzing residuals.<br />
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c. Fit a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association. </span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/correlation.html">Correlation</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/scatter-xy-plots.html">Scatter Plots</a></div></div>
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<div class="corTitle">Interpret linear models.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.C.7</span><span class="corDescr">Interpret the slope (rate of change) and the intercept (constant term) of a linear model in the context of the data.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/scatter-xy-plots.html">Scatter Plots</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.C.8</span><span class="corDescr">Compute (using technology) and interpret the correlation coefficient of a linear fit.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/correlation.html">Correlation</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/scatter-xy-plots.html">Scatter Plots</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.ID.C.9</span><span class="corDescr">Distinguish between correlation and causation.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/correlation.html">Correlation</a></div></div><div class="corYrSubj">High School Statistics and Probability | Making Inferences & Justifying Conclusions</div>
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<div class="corTitle">Understand and evaluate random processes underlying statistical experiments.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.A.1</span><span class="corDescr">Understand statistics as a process for making inferences about population parameters based on a random sample from that population.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quartiles.html">Quartiles</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/range.html">The Range</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-formulas.html">Standard Deviation Formulas</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-calculator.html">Standard Deviation Calculator</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation.html">Standard Deviation and Variance</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.A.2</span><span class="corDescr">Decide if a specified model is consistent with results from a given data-generating process, e.g., using simulation. For example, a model says a spinning coin falls heads up with probability 0.5. Would a result of 5 tails in a row cause you to question the model?*</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability.html">Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-words.html">Random Words</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../puzzles/bags-of-marbles.html">Bags of Marbles Puzzle</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../activity/buffons-needle.html">Activity: Buffon's Needle</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../activity/coin-grid.html">Activity: Dropping a Coin onto a Grid</a></div></div>
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<div class="corTitle">Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.B.3</span><span class="corDescr">Recognize the purposes of and differences among sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies; explain how randomization relates to each.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/data.html">What is Data?</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-questionnaire.html">Survey Questions</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-conducting.html">How to Do a Survey</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../accuracy-precision.html">Accuracy and Precision</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-results.html">Showing the Results of a Survey</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.B.4</span><span class="corDescr">Use data from a sample survey to estimate a population mean or proportion; develop a margin of error through the use of simulation models for random sampling.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/quartiles.html">Quartiles</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/range.html">The Range</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-formulas.html">Standard Deviation Formulas</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation-calculator.html">Standard Deviation Calculator</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/standard-deviation.html">Standard Deviation and Variance</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.B.5</span><span class="corDescr">Use data from a randomized experiment to compare two treatments; use simulations to decide if differences between parameters are significant.</span></div><div class="corPages"></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.IC.B.6</span><span class="corDescr">Evaluate reports based on data.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/data.html">What is Data?</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-questionnaire.html">Survey Questions</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-results.html">Showing the Results of a Survey</a></div></div><div class="corYrSubj">High School Statistics and Probability | Conditional Probability & the Rules of Probability</div>
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<div class="corTitle">Understand independence and conditional probability and use them to interpret data.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.A.1</span><span class="corDescr">Describe events as subsets of a sample space (the set of outcomes) using characteristics (or categories) of the outcomes, or as unions, intersections, or complements of other events ("or," "and," "not").</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability.html">Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-complement.html">Probability: Complement</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-mutually-exclusive.html">Mutually Exclusive Events</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-independent.html">Probability: Independent Events</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.A.2</span><span class="corDescr">Understand that two events A and B are independent if the probability of A and B occurring together is the product of their probabilities, and use this characterization to determine if they are independent.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-independent.html">Probability: Independent Events</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.A.3</span><span class="corDescr">Understand the conditional probability of A given B as P(A and B)/P(B), and interpret independence of A and B as saying that the conditional probability of A given B is the same as the probability of A, and the conditional probability of B given A is the same as the probability of B.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-conditional.html">Conditional Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.A.4</span><span class="corDescr">Construct and interpret two-way frequency tables of data when two categories are associated with each object being classified. Use the two-way table as a sample space to decide if events are independent and to approximate conditional probabilities. For example, collect data from a random sample of students in your school on their favorite subject among math, science, and English. Estimate the probability that a randomly selected student from your school will favor science given that the student is in tenth grade. Do the same for other subjects and compare the results.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/relative-frequency.html">Relative Frequency</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/frequency-distribution.html">Frequency Distribution</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-conditional.html">Conditional Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-independent.html">Probability: Independent Events</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-results.html">Showing the Results of a Survey</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.A.5</span><span class="corDescr">Recognize and explain the concepts of conditional probability and independence in everyday language and everyday situations. For example, compare the chance of having lung cancer if you are a smoker with the chance of being a smoker if you have lung cancer.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-conditional.html">Conditional Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-independent.html">Probability: Independent Events</a></div></div>
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<div class="corTitle">Use the rules of probability to compute probabilities of compound events in a uniform probability model.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.B.6</span><span class="corDescr">Find the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B's outcomes that also belong to A, and interpret the answer in terms of the model.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-conditional.html">Conditional Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.B.7</span><span class="corDescr">Apply the Addition Rule, P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B), and interpret the answer in terms of the model.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-mutually-exclusive.html">Mutually Exclusive Events</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.B.8</span><span class="corDescr">(+) Apply the general Multiplication Rule in a uniform probability model, P(A and B) = [P(A)]x[P(B|A)] =[P(B)]x[P(A|B)], and interpret the answer in terms of the model.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-events-conditional.html">Conditional Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability-tree-diagrams.html">Probability Tree Diagrams</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.CP.B.9</span><span class="corDescr">(+) Use permutations and combinations to compute probabilities of compound events and solve problems.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/probability.html">Probability</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/basic-counting-principle.html">The Basic Counting Principle</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../combinatorics/combinations-permutations.html">Combinations and Permutations</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../combinatorics/combinations-permutations-calculator.html">Combinations and Permutations Calculator</a></div></div><div class="corYrSubj">High School Statistics and Probability | Using Probability to Make Decisions</div>
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<div class="corTitle">Calculate expected values and use them to solve problems.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.A.1</span><span class="corDescr">Define a random variable for a quantity of interest by assigning a numerical value to each event in a sample space; graph the corresponding probability distribution using the same graphical displays as for data distributions.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables.html">Random Variables</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-continuous.html">Random Variables - Continuous</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.A.2</span><span class="corDescr">Calculate the expected value of a random variable; interpret it as the mean of the probability distribution. </span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables.html">Random Variables</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-continuous.html">Random Variables - Continuous</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-mean-variance.html">Random Variables - Mean Variance Standard Deviation</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.A.3</span><span class="corDescr">Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which theoretical probabilities can be calculated; find the expected value. For example, find the theoretical probability distribution for the number of correct answers obtained by guessing on all five questions of a multiple-choice test where each question has four choices, and find the expected grade under various grading schemes.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables.html">Random Variables</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-continuous.html">Random Variables - Continuous</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-mean-variance.html">Random Variables - Mean Variance Standard Deviation</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.A.4</span><span class="corDescr">Develop a probability distribution for a random variable defined for a sample space in which probabilities are assigned empirically; find the expected value. For example, find a current data distribution on the number of TV sets per household in the United States, and calculate the expected number of sets per household. How many TV sets would you expect to find in 100 randomly selected households?*</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables.html">Random Variables</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/survey-conducting.html">How to Do a Survey</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-continuous.html">Random Variables - Continuous</a></div>
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-mean-variance.html">Random Variables - Mean Variance Standard Deviation</a></div></div>
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<div class="corTitle">Use probability to evaluate outcomes of decisions.</div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.B.5</span><span class="corDescr">Weigh the possible outcomes of a decision by assigning probabilities to payoff values and finding expected values. <br />
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a. Find the expected payoff for a game of chance. For example, find the expected winnings from a state lottery ticket or a game at a fast-food restaurant.<br />
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b. Evaluate and compare strategies on the basis of expected values. For example, compare a high-deductible versus a low-deductible automobile insurance policy using various, but reasonable, chances of having a minor or a major accident.</span></div><div class="corPages">
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<div class="corPage"><a href="../data/random-variables-mean-variance.html">Random Variables - Mean Variance Standard Deviation</a></div></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.B.6</span><span class="corDescr">Use probabilities to make fair decisions (e.g., drawing by lots, using a random number generator). </span></div><div class="corPages"></div>
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<div class="corCore"><span class="corCode">HSS.MD.B.7</span><span class="corDescr">(+) Analyze decisions and strategies using probability concepts (e.g., product testing, medical testing, pulling a hockey goalie at the end of a game).<br />
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</span></div><div class="corPages"></div><p> </p><!-- #EndEditable -->
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