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226 lines
7.4 KiB
HTML
226 lines
7.4 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/physics/conservation.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:52:12 GMT -->
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<title>Conservation</title>
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<body id="bodybg" class="adv">
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<div id="stt"></div>
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<div id="adTop"></div>
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<header>
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<div id="hdr"></div>
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<div id="tran"></div>
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<div id="adHide"></div>
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<div id="cookOK"></div>
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<div id="search" role="search"></div>
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<article id="content" role="main">
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<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
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<h1 class="center">Conservation</h1>
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<p>Conservation: the idea that the total stays the same.</p>
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<h2>Conservation of Mass and Energy</h2>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: Stone Smash!</h3>
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<div class="boxa">
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<p class="large">Before:</p>
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<img src="images/stone.jpg" alt="stone" height="219" width="280">
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<table style="border: 1px solid blue;" align="center">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:50px;"><b>30.0g</b></td>
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<td style="width:10px;"><br>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left; width:120px;">stone</td></tr>
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</tbody></table> </div>
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<div class="boxa">
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<p class="large">After the Hammer:</p>
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<img src="images/stone-smash.jpg" alt="stone smashed" height="219" width="280">
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<table style="border: 1px solid blue;" align="center">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:50px;">25.0g</td>
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<td style="width:10px;"><br>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left; width:140px;">stone chunks</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right;">3.0g</td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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<td>stone fragments</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right;">1.8g</td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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<td>smashed away
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</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right;">0.2g
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</td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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<td>dust in air</td></tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:right;"><b>30.0g</b></td>
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<td><br>
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</td>
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<td>TOTAL<br>
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</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p>There is still 30.0g, but now in different forms and places</p>
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</div>
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<p>Note that:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>some of the dust can float away so it may seem that mass gets lost</li>
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<li>or maybe some new dust arrives and settles on the crushed stone</li></ul>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/closed-system.svg" alt="closed system" height="124" width="169"></p>
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<p>So we also need the idea of an "isolated" or "closed" system, meaning that nothing transfers in or out, and no external force acts on it.</p>
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<p class="words"><b>Conserved</b>: the total stays the same (within a closed system).</p>
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<div style="clear:both"> </div>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/nuclear-explosion.jpg" alt="nuclear explosion" height="182" width="199"></p>
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<h2>Mass and Energy</h2>
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<p>At an atomic level Mass and Energy can be converted (E=mc<sup>2</sup>) so we should think of mass and energy <b>together</b> as being conserved.</p>
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<p>But for everyday use it is OK to think of mass and energy separately.</p>
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<h2>Conservation of Energy</h2>
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<p><a href="energy-potential-kinetic.html">Energy</a> can be in many forms! Fuel, coiled springs, height, motion and more.<br>
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</p>
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<ul>
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</ul>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<p class="center large">Energy can go from one form to another, or to heat:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/energy-work-heat.svg" alt="energy work heat" height="91" width="338"></p>
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<p>Heat is a type of energy, too. In fact (ignoring conversion to mass) the total amount of energy stays the same:</p>
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<p class="center large">Energy can't be created or destroyed.</p>
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<p>Energy is <b>lost to a system</b> when it leaves it. A battery loses energy when it powers a light. Our bodies lose heat all the time.</p>
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<p>But when we say "energy is lost as heat" we really mean the energy is <b>dissipated</b> (spread out) into the environment, it is <b>not gone from the Universe</b>.</p>
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<h2>Conservation of Momentum</h2>
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<p><a href="momentum.html">Momentum</a> (both linear and angular) is also conserved. Here is an interesting little table for you:</p>
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<div class="simple">
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<table align="center" border="1">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th>Conserved</th>
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<th>Units</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Mass</td>
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<td>kg</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Linear Momentum</td>
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<td>kg m/s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Angular Momentum</td>
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<td>kg m<sup>2</sup>/s</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>Energy</td>
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<td>kg m<sup>2</sup>/s<sup>2</sup></td>
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</tr></tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p>Electric charge is also conserved, and many other things are conserved under special conditions.</p>
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<h2>Summary</h2>
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<p class="words"><b>Conserved</b>: the total stays the same (within a closed system).</p>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/closed-system.svg" alt="system"></p>
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<p class="words"><b>Closed System</b>: nothing transfers in or out, and no external force acts on it.</p>
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<div class="fun">
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<h3>In our Universe:</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../measure/metric-mass.html">Mass</a> is conserved (it can change form, be moved around, cut up or joined together, but the total mass stays the same over time)</li>
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<li><a href="energy-work.html">Energy</a> is conserved (it also can change form, to light, to heat and so on)</li>
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<li>At an atomic level Mass and Energy can be converted via E=mc<sup>2</sup>, but nothing gets lost.</li>
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<li><a href="momentum.html">Momentum</a> and many other things are also conserved</li></ul>
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</div>
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<p></p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="index.html">Physics Index</a>
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</div>
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