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154 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
154 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
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<h1 class="center">Probability Line</h1>
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<a href="data/probability.html">Probability</a> is the <b>chance</b> that something will happen. It
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can be shown on a line:
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<p class="center"><img src="data/images/probability-line.svg" alt="probability line" /></p>
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<p class="center">The probability of an event occurring is somewhere
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between impossible and certain.</p>
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<p>As well as words, we can use numbers to show the probability
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of something happening:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Impossible is <b>zero</b></li>
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<li>Certain is <b>one</b></li>
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</ul>
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<p>We can use fractions:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="data/images/probability-line-fracs.svg" alt="probability line fractions" /></p>
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<p>Or percents:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="data/images/probability-line-percent.svg" alt="probability line percents" /></p>
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<p>Or decimals:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="data/images/probability-line-decimal.svg" alt="probability line decimal" /></p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: here we show the probability that:</h3>
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<p class="center"><img src="data/images/probability-line-examples.svg" alt="probability line examples" /></p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>a)</b> The sun will rise tomorrow</li>
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<li><b>b)</b> I will not have to learn mathematics at school</li>
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<li><b>c)</b> If I flip a coin it will land heads up</li>
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<li><b>d)</b> Choosing a red ball from a bag with 1 red ball and 3 green balls</li>
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</ul>
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</div><p>Where would you place names like "fair chance", "remote chance", "possible", "probable" and "improbable"?</p>
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<h2>Between 0 and 1</h2>
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<div class="bigul"><ul>
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<li>The probability of an event will <b>not</b> be less
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than 0.<br>
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This is because 0 is impossible (sure that something will not happen).</li><li>The probability of an event will <b>not</b> be more
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than 1.<br>
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This is because 1 is certain that something will happen.</li><br>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<h2>Names</h2>
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<p>People use many names when talking about probability! Such as odds, chance and so on.</p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: 50/50 chance</h3>
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<p>means exactly <b>50%</b> chance, which is also <b>0.5</b> or <b>½</b></p>
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</div>
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<h2>Notation</h2>
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<p>In mathematics we use the letter <b>P</b> to mean "probability of", like this:</p>
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<div class="example">
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="data/images/cards.jpg" width="100" height="78" alt="cards"></p>
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<h3>Example: "the probability of choosing an ace is 1 in 13" is written:</h3>
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<p class="center larger">P(ace) = <span class="intbl"><em>1</em><strong>13</strong></span></p>
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<p>It sure saves a lot of writing!</p>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="questions">
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<script>getQ(703, 704, 705, 1478, 1479, 3812, 3813, 3814, 3815, 3816);</script>
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</div>
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<div class="activity"><a href="activity/dice-experiment-1.html">An Experiment with a Die</a><br>
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<a href="activity/dice-experiment-2.html">An Experiment with Dice</a></div>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="accuracy-precision.html">Accuracy and Precision</a>
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<a href="data/index.html">Probability and Statistics Index</a>
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Copyright © 2020 MathsIsFun.com
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