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190 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
190 lines
6.6 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html lang="en">
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<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/data/data.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:41:33 GMT -->
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<!-- #BeginEditable "doctitle" -->
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<title>What is Data?</title>
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<meta name="Description" content="Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, ..." />
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<script>reSpell=[["favorite","favourite"]];</script>
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<meta name="keywords" content="math, maths, mathematics, school, homework, education">
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<link rel="preload" href="../main4.js" as="script">
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<body id="bodybg">
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<div id="stt"></div>
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<div id="adTop"></div>
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<header>
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<div id="hdr"></div>
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<div id="tran"></div>
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<div id="adHide"></div>
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<div id="cookOK"></div>
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</header>
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<div class="mid">
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<nav>
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<div id="menuWide" class="menu"></div>
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<div id="logo"><a href="../index.html"><img src="../images/style/logo.svg" alt="Math is Fun"></a></div>
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<article id="content" role="main">
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<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
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<h1 class="center">What is Data?</h1>
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<p>Data is a collection of facts, such as numbers, words, measurements, observations or just descriptions of things.</p>
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<h2>Qualitative vs Quantitative</h2>
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<p>Data can be qualitative or quantitative.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><strong>Qualitative data</strong> is descriptive information (it <i>describes</i> something)</li>
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<li><strong>Quantitative data</strong> is numerical information (numbers)</li>
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</ul>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/data-types.svg" alt="Types of Data" height="244" width="351" ></p>
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<p><strong>Quantitative data</strong>
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can be <a href="data-discrete-continuous.html">Discrete or Continuous</a>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>Discrete data</b> can only take certain values (like whole numbers)</li>
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<li><b>Continuous data</b> can take any value (within a range)</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Put simply: <b>Discrete data</b> is counted, <b>Continuous data</b> is measured</p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: What do we know about Arrow the Dog?</h3>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/ariel.jpg" alt="Arrow the Dog" height="185" width="200" ></p>
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<p><b>Qualitative</b>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>He is brown and black</li>
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<li>He has long hair</li>
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<li>He has lots of energy</li>
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</ul>
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<p><b>Quantitative</b>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Discrete:
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<ul>
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<li>He has 4 legs</li>
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<li>He has 2 brothers</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>Continuous:
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<ul>
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<li>He weighs 25.5 kg</li>
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<li>He is 565 mm tall</li>
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</ul></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="words">
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<p>To help you remember think "<b>Quant</b>itative is <b>Quantity</b>"</p>
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</div>
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<h2>More Examples</h2>
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<p><b>Qualitative</b>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Your friends' favorite holiday destination</li>
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<li>The most common given names in your town</li>
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<li>How people describe the smell of a new perfume</li>
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</ul>
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<p><b>Quantitative</b>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Height (Continuous)</li>
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<li>Weight (Continuous)</li>
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<li>Petals on a flower (Discrete)</li>
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<li>Customers in a shop (Discrete)</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Collecting</h2>
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<p>Data can be collected in many ways. The simplest way is direct observation.</p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: Counting Cars</h3>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/cars-road.jpg" alt="Cars on Road" height="129" width="400" ></p>
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<p>You want to find how many cars pass by a certain point on a road in a 10-minute interval.</p>
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<p>So: stand near that road, and count the cars that pass by in 10 minutes.</p>
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<p>You might want to count many 10-minute intervals at different times during the day, and on different days too!<br></p>
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</div>
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<p>We collect data by doing a <a href="survey-conducting.html">Survey</a>.</p>
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<h2>Census or Sample</h2>
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<p>A <b>Census</b> is when we collect data for <b>every</b> member of the group (the whole "population").</p>
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<p>A <b>Sample</b> is when we collect data just for <b>selected members</b> of the group.</p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: 120 people in your local football club</h3>
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<p>You can ask everyone (all 120) what their age is. That is a census.</p>
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<p>Or you could just choose the people that are there this afternoon. That is a sample.</p>
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</div>
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<p>A census is accurate, but hard to do. A sample is not as accurate, but may be good enough, and is a lot easier.</p>
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<h2>Language</h2>
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<div class="def">
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<h3>Data or Datum?</h3>
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<p>The singular form is "datum", so we say "that datum <b>is</b> very high".</p>
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<p>"Data" is the plural so we say "the data <b>are</b> available", but data is also a <b>collection</b> of facts, so "the data <b>is</b> available" is fine too.</p>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="questions">1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 3762, 3763, 3764</div>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="data-discrete-continuous.html">Discrete or Continuous</a>
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<a href="index.html">Data Index</a>
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</div>
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</article>
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<div id="copyrt">Copyright © 2021 MathsIsFun.com</div>
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