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141 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
141 lines
6.4 KiB
HTML
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<title>Analog and Digital</title>
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<meta name="description" content="Learn about Analog and Digital and their differences.">
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<h1 class="center">Analog and Digital</h1>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/analog-digital.svg" alt="analog vs digital"></p>
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<p class="center"><b>Analog:</b> something physical with continuous change.</p>
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<p class="center"><b>Digital:</b> made of numbers. </p>
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<h2>Arrow Barks!</h2>
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<p>Let's record him barking:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/arrow-barks.jpg" alt="dog barks into microphone" height="155" width="349"></p>
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<p>Arrow's bark is <b>analog</b>. It is actual pressure waves in the air, so it is physical with continuous change.</p>
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<p class="words"><b>Continuous change</b>: changes smoothly ... no sudden breaks.</p>
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<p>And the microphone converts that pressure into an electrical signal. It is still <b>analog</b> (the electricity is physical, and has continuous change).</p>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/analog-digital-device.jpg" alt="microphone goes to digital device" height="87" width="256"></p>
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<p><br></p>
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<p>But when it gets to your computer or phone it gets converted to digits!</p>
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<div style="clear:both">
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</div>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 5px 5px 10px;"><img src="images/analog-digital-graph.gif" alt="analog vs digital graph" height="149" width="335"></p>
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<p>The analog signal is measured thousands of times a second by special electronics ... and is then saved as <b>numbers</b>.</p>
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<p>
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</p><div style="clear:both">
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</div>
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<p>So the "sound" is now "12, 25, 39, 52, 68, 71, 78, 82, 82, 79, 70, 59, ..." <i>(in fact it would be in <a href="../binary-number-system.html">binary</a>, so would be something like "000011000001100100100111...")</i></p>
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<p class="large center">It is now digital!</p>
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<p>Notice the digital data has <b>sudden jumps up and down</b> ... it does <b>not</b> change continuously.</p>
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<p class="center">It is <a href="data-discrete-continuous.html">Discrete Data</a>: that means it can only be certain values (such as 1, 2, 3, etc). </p>
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<p class="center"> </p>
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<p>Digital data is very easy for computers and phones to use. It can be saved, shared electronically, sent all over the world quickly and more.</p>
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<h2>How can we hear Digits?</h2>
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<p>Easy! The numbers are used to control the size of an electrical signal, which is <b>analog</b>. </p>
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<h3><b>Digital</b> becomes <b>Analog</b></h3>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/digital-analog-speaker.jpg" alt="digital to analog speaker" height="141" width="405"></p>
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<p>The electricity can be sent to a speaker ...
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... to make sound waves again!</p>
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<p>It should sound very much like the original bark (but not perfectly so!)</p>
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<h2>Digital Pictures</h2>
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<p>A similar thing happens when you take a picture.</p>
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<p>Light (which is analog) gets projected onto a grid of millions of little sensors inside the camera: </p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/arrow-photo-digital.svg" alt="dog photo digital"><br>
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The camera measures the light at each point and produces numbers.</p>
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<p class="center large">The picture is now digital!</p>
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<p>So the "picture" is now "A1DDF9, ADE3FF, B5E7FE, AFE4F8, ...", which are <a href="../hexadecimal-decimal-colors.html">hexadecimal color numbers</a>,
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(that are used internally in <a href="../binary-number-system.html">binary</a>, so would be something like "101000011101110111111001...")</p>
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<p>Look really closely at a digital picture ... it is made up of millions of little squares called "pixels": </p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/arrow-photo-pixels.svg" alt="dog photo pixels"><br>
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Each "pixel" is made using a <a href="../hexadecimal-decimal-colors.html">hexadecimal color number</a>.</p>
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<h2>Digital IS Numbers</h2>
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<p>So digital pictures, music, videos etc are actually stored on your device as <b>numbers</b>.</p>
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<p><b>Numbers rule!</b></p>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="related"> <a href="index.html">Data Index</a> </div>
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Copyright © 2020 MathsIsFun.com
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