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<title>Subtraction by Regrouping (Borrowing)</title>
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<article id="content" role="main">
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<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
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<h1 class="center">Subtraction by "Regrouping"</h1>
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<p class="center"><i>(Also called "borrowing" or "trading")</i></p>
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<p>To subtract numbers with more than one digit:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>write down the larger number first and the smaller number directly below it<br>
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<b>making sure to line up the columns!</b><br>
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</li>
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<li>then do subtractions one column at a time like this (press play button):</li>
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</ul>
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<script>playerMain("images/subtract-a.txt",600,160);</script>
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<h2>Smaller Number - Bigger Number</h2>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/subtract-before-borrow.gif" alt="subtract before borrow" height="111" width="97"></p>
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<p>But what if a column has a <b>smaller number on the top?</b></p>
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<p class="larger">How do we do <b>2 − 5</b> ?</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<p><span class="large">The Solution</span>: Make the "2" larger by "regrouping" (press arrow button):</p>
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<div style="width:300px; display:inline-block;">
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<div class="script" style="height: 380px;">
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images/moving-tens.js
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</div>
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</div>
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<div style=" margin-left:10px; display:inline-block;">
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<p>In <span class="large">32</span>:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>the "3" means <b>3 tens</b>,</li>
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<li>the "2" means <b>2 ones</b>,</li>
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</ul>
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<p>So we:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>reduce the 3 by <b>1</b></li>
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<li>increase the 2 by <b>10</b></li>
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</ul>
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<p>And we get:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>2 tens</b>,</li>
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<li><b>12 ones</b></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<p>And here is how to do it with a pencil and paper:</p>
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<script>playerMain("images/subtract-b.txt",600,200);</script>
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<p>We use this method <b>whenever a column has a smaller number on top</b>, as in this example:</p>
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<script>playerMain("images/subtract-c.txt",600,200);</script>
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<h2>Zero</h2>
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<p>But we can't regroup from <b>zero</b> ...</p>
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<p>But we <b>can</b> make a "0" into a "10" by regrouping it first, them carry on normally, like this:</p>
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<script>playerMain("images/subtract-d.txt",600,200);</script>
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<p> </p>
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<p>Now, you can practice with these <a href="../worksheets/subtraction.html">Subtraction Worksheets</a></p>
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<div class="questions">1600, 1601, 3412, 3413, 1602, 1603, 3414, 3415, 2948</div>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="subtraction.html">Subtraction</a>
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<a href="index.html">Numbers Index</a>
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