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623 lines
26 KiB
HTML
623 lines
26 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en"><!-- #BeginTemplate "/Templates/Main.dwt" --><!-- DW6 -->
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<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/metric-numbers.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:57:15 GMT -->
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<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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<title>Metric Numbers</title>
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<meta name="description" content="In the metric system there are standard ways of talking about big and small numbers">
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<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">reSpell=[["liter","litre"],["liters","litres"],["milliliter","millilitre"],["milliliters","millilitres"],["meter","metre"],["meters","metres"],["kilometer","kilometre"]];</script>
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<div id="hdr"></div>
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<div id="cookOK"></div>
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</header>
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<nav>
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<div id="logo"><a href="index.html"><img src="images/style/logo.svg" alt="Math is Fun"></a></div>
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<article id="content" role="main">
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<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
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<h1 class="center">Metric Numbers</h1>
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<p class="center">(See also <a href="metric-imperial-conversion-charts.html">Metric/Imperial Conversion Charts</a> and <a href="unit-conversion-tool.html">Unit Converter</a>)</p>
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<h2>What is kilo, mega, giga, tera ... ?</h2>
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<p>In the <a href="measure/metric-system.html">Metric System</a> there are standard ways to talk about big
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and small numbers:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>"kilo" for a thousand,</li>
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<li>"mega"
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for a million,</li>
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<li>and more ...</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="example">
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="measure/images/rope.jpg" alt="long rope" height="123" width="100"></p>
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<h3>Example: A long rope measures <b>one thousand</b> meters</h3>
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<p>It is easier to say it is 1 <b>kilo</b>meter long,</p>
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<p>and even easier
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to write it down as <b>1 km</b>.</p>
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</div>
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<p>So we used <b><i>kilo</i></b> in front of the word <b><i>meter</i></b> to make<i> "<b>kilometer</b>"</i>.</p>
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<p>And the abbreviation is "<i><b>km</b></i>" (<i><b>k</b></i> for kilo and <i><b>m</b></i> for meter, put together).</p>
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<p> </p>
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<h3>Some more examples:</h3>
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<div class="example">
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<p>Example: You put your bag on a set of scales and it shows
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2000 grams, we can call that 2 <b>kilograms</b>, or simply 2 kg.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="example">
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="measure/images/teaspoonful.jpg" alt="Teaspoonful" height="80" width="151"></p>
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<h3>Example: Teaspoon</h3>
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<p>A teaspoon holds 5 <b>thousandths</b> of a liter (<span class="intbl"><em>5</em><strong>1000</strong></span> of a liter),
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but it is better to say "5 <b>milli</b>liters",
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or write it simply as <b>5 mL</b>.</p>
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</div>
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<p>"kilo", "mega", "milli" etc are called "prefixes":</p>
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<div class="def">
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<p><b>Prefix</b>: a word part that can be added to the beginning of another word to create a new word</p>
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</div>
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<p>So, using the prefix "milli" in front of "liter" creates a new word "milliliter".</p>
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<p>Here we list the prefix for commonly used big and small numbers:</p>
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<h2 align="center">Common Big and Small Numbers</h2>
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<div class="beach">
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<table align="center" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="5" border="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th style="text-align:center;"><b>Name</b></th>
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<th style="text-align:center;"><b>The
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Number</b></th>
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<th class="larger" align="center"><b>Prefix</b></th>
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<th style="text-align:center;"><b>Symbol</b></th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">trillion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">1,000,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">tera</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">T</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">billion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">1,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">giga</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">G</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">million</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">1,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">mega</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">M</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">thousand</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">1,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">kilo</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">k</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">hundred</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">100</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">hecto</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">h</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">ten</td>
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<td style="text-align:right;">10</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">deka</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">da</td>
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</tr>
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<tr align="center">
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<td><b>unit</b></td>
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<td><b>1</b></td>
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<td class="larger" align="center"> </td>
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<td> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">tenth</td>
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<td>0.1</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">deci</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">d</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">hundredth</td>
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<td>0.01</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">centi</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">c</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">thousandth</td>
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<td>0.001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">milli</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">m</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">millionth</td>
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<td>0.000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">micro</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">µ</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">billionth</td>
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<td>0.000 000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">nano</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">n</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center;">trillionth</td>
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<td>0.000 000 000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center">pico</td>
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<td style="text-align:center;">p</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="words">
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<p>Just remember for large values (each one a thousand times bigger):</p>
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<p class="center larger">"kilo mega giga tera"</p>
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<p>and for small values (each one a thousand times smaller):</p>
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<p class="center larger">"milli micro nano pico"</p>
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</div>
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<h3>Try To Do Some Yourself!</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>How do you refer to a million liters?</li>
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<li>How about one <b>billionth</b> of a meter?</li>
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</ul>
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<p>See the bottom of this page for more questions to challenge yourself ...</p>
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<h2>How Big Are They?</h2>
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<p>There is a lot of difference between them. Think in terms of time:</p>
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<div class="fun center"> A million seconds is about <b>12 days</b><br>
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A billion seconds is about <b>32 years</b></div>
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<p>A longer list:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>A <b>thousand</b> seconds is about a <b>quarter of an hour</b></li>
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<li>A <b>million</b> seconds is about <b>12 days</b></li>
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<li>A <b>billion</b> seconds is about 32 years, almost <b>half a lifetime</b></li>
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<li>A <b>trillion</b> seconds is about 32,000 years (the last Ice Age finished 12,000 years ago)</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>Much Bigger and Smaller</h2>
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<p>There are also prefixes for much bigger and smaller numbers:</p>
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<h2 align="center">Some Very Big, and Very Small Numbers</h2>
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<div class="simple">
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<table align="center" width="450" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" border="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th style="text-align:center; width:69px;"><b>Name</b></th>
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<th style="text-align:center; width:250px;"><b>The
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Number</b></th>
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<th class="larger" align="center" width="38"><b>Prefix</b></th>
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<th style="text-align:center; width:64px;"><b>Symbol</b></th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;"><br>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:250px;">Very Big !</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38"> </td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;"> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">septillion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:250px;">1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">yotta</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">Y</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">sextillion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:250px;">1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">zetta</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">Z</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">quintillion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:250px;">1,000,000,000,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">exa</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">E</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">quadrillion</td>
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<td style="text-align:right; width:250px;">1,000,000,000,000,000</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">peta</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">P</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;"> </td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:250px;">Very Small !</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38"> </td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;"> </td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">quadrillionth</td>
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<td style="width:250px;">0.000 000 000 000
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001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">femto</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">f</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">quintillionth</td>
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<td style="width:250px;">0.000 000 000 000
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000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">atto</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">a</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">sextillionth</td>
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<td style="width:250px;">0.000 000 000 000
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000 000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">zepto</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">z</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:69px;">septillionth</td>
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<td style="width:250px;">0.000 000 000 000
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000 000 000 001</td>
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<td class="larger" align="center" width="38">yocto</td>
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<td style="text-align:center; width:64px;">y</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<table style="border: 0; margin:auto;">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td><a href="measure/lengths-small-large.html"><img src="measure/images/length-continuum-thumb.gif" alt="length continuum thumb" height="94" width="177"></a></td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>Also see<br>
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<a href="measure/lengths-small-large.html">Lengths From Very Small<br>
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to Very Large</a><br>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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<p class="center"> </p>
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<h2 align="center">All Big Numbers We Know</h2>
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<div class="simple">
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<table align="center" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" border="0">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<th style="text-align:center;"><b>Name</b></th>
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<th style="text-align:center;"><b>As a Power
|
|
of 10</b></th>
|
|
<th style="text-align:center;"><b>As a Decimal</b></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Thousand</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>3</sup></td>
|
|
<td>1,000</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Million</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>6</sup></td>
|
|
<td>1,000,000</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Billion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>9</sup></td>
|
|
<td>1,000,000,000</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Trillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>12</sup></td>
|
|
<td>1,000,000,000,000</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Quadrillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>15</sup></td>
|
|
<td>etc ...</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Quintillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>18</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Sextillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>21</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Septillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>24</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Octillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>27</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Nonillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>30</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Decillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>33</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Undecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>36</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Duodecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>39</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Tredecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>42</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Quattuordecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>45</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Quindecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>48</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Sexdecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>51</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Septemdecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>54</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Octodecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>57</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Novemdecillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>60</sup></td>
|
|
<td><br>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">Vigintillion</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>63</sup></td>
|
|
<td>1 followed by 63 zeros!</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<div class="fun">
|
|
<p>And a <b>Googol</b> is 1 followed by one hundred zeros (10<sup>100</sup>) :</p>
|
|
<p class="center"><i>10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,<br>
|
|
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,<br>
|
|
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000</i></p>
|
|
<p>Then there is the <b>Googolplex</b>. It is 1 followed by<i> Googol zeros</i>. I can't even write down the number, because there is not enough matter in the universe to form all the zeros:</p>
|
|
<p class="center">10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, ... (Googol number of Zeros)</p>
|
|
<p>And a <b>Googolplexian</b> is a 1 followed by<i> <b>Googolplex</b> <b>zeros</b></i>. Wow.</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2 align="center">All Small Numbers We Know</h2>
|
|
<div class="simple">
|
|
<table align="center" cellspacing="2" cellpadding="3" border="0">
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<th style="text-align:center;"><b>Name</b></th>
|
|
<th style="text-align:center;"><b>As a Power
|
|
of 10</b></th>
|
|
<th style="text-align:center;"><b>As
|
|
a Decimal</b></th>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">thousandths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-3</sup></td>
|
|
<td>0.001</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">millionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-6</sup></td>
|
|
<td>0.000 001</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">billionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-9</sup></td>
|
|
<td>0.000 000 001</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">trillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-12</sup></td>
|
|
<td>etc ...</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">quadrillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-15</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">quintillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-18</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">sextillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-21</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">septillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-24</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">octillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-27</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">nonillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-30</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">decillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-33</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">undecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-36</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">duodecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-39</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">tredecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-42</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">quattuordecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-45</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">quindecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-48</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">sexdecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-51</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">septemdecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-54</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">octodecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-57</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">novemdecillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-60</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">vigintillionths</td>
|
|
<td style="text-align:center;">10<sup>-63</sup></td>
|
|
<td> </td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody></table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
<div class="questions">5627,5632,1927,1928,1929,1930,3473,3474,3475,3476</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="related">
|
|
<a href="decimals.html">Decimals</a>
|
|
<a href="ordering_decimals.html">Ordering Decimals</a>
|
|
<a href="index-notation-powers.html">Powers of 10</a>
|
|
<a href="measure/doubling-paper.html">Doubling Paper</a>
|
|
<a href="rounding-numbers.html">Rounding Numbers</a>
|
|
<a href="unit-conversion-tool.html">Unit Converter</a>
|
|
</div>
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