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286 lines
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286 lines
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HTML
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<!-- Mirrored from www.mathsisfun.com/measure/us-standard-units-introduction.html by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Sat, 29 Oct 2022 00:57:16 GMT -->
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<title>Introduction to US Standard Units</title>
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<h1 align="center">Measuring With Maggie</h1>
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<h3 align="center">An Introduction to US Standard Units</h3>
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<h3 align="center">Also known as "English Units" or "US Customary Units"</h3><p style="float:left; margin: 10px;"><img src="../images/style/maggie.gif" alt="Maggie" width="155" height="209" /></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>Wow, I just flew in from planet Micron. It was a long flight, but well worth it to get to spend time with you!
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</p>
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<p> My name is Maggie in your language (but you couldn't pronounce my real name!)</p>
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<p>When I first arrived I couldn't understand how you measure things, but my friend Tom taught me all about measurement, and I am going to share with you everything he taught me.</p>
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<p>The first thing Tom told me was that you can measure things using two different systems: <b>US Standard Units</b> and <a href="metric-system-introduction.html">Metric</a>.</p>
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<p>Today is my day to learn US Standard Units !</p>
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<h2>Liquids</h2>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="images/orange-juice.jpg" alt="orange juice" width="100" height="141" /></td>
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<td><p>Since it was such a long flight, the first thing I could use is something cold to drink. </p>
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<p>But I want to be sure how much to ask for! So I can get a drink that is not too big or too small.</p></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>The first thing I need to know when asking for a drink is the <b>types of units</b> used to measure liquids, which are:</p>
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<div id="midul">
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<ul>
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<li><b>Fluid Ounces</b></li>
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<li><b>Cups</b></li>
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<li><b>Pints</b></li>
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<li><b>Quarts</b></li>
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<li><b>Gallons</b></li>
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</ul></div>
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<br />
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="images/fluid-ounce.jpg" alt="fluid ounce" width="131" height="96" /></td>
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<td><p><b>Fluid Ounces </b>(oz) are small<b>.</b> </p>
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<p>About how much fits into a small medicine cup ... but that isn't enough for someone who is thirsty!</p></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="5%"> </td>
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<td width="74%">Then Tom showed me a small carton, and told me it held 8 fluid ounces, which is also called <b>1 cup</b>. But I wanted more!</td>
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<td width="21%"><img src="images/milk-carton-8oz.gif" alt="milk carton" width="65" height="79" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="5%"> </td>
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<td width="74%"><p>So Tom showed me a <b>pint</b>, which is equal to 2 cups.</p>
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<p>That seemed about right for someone who was very thirsty!</p></td>
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<td width="21%"><img src="images/pint.gif" alt="pint" width="71" height="118" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>(Tom also told me that I can measure things using <a href="measuring-cups.html">measuring cups</a>)</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="6%"> </td>
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<td width="75%"><p>To measure many cups of liquid all put together you can use quarts.</p>
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<p>A <b>quart</b> (qt) is the same thing as 4 cups or 2 pints. </p></td>
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<td width="19%"><img src="images/quart-milk.gif" alt="quart" width="120" height="99" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><p>If you still need more liquid you may want to switch to using gallons.</p>
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<p>A <b>gallon</b> (gal) is the same as 16 cups or 8 pints or 4 quarts. It is the largest liquid measurement.</p>
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<p>(Oh wow! A <span class="hilite">quart</span> is a <span class="hilite">quart</span>er of a gallon!)</p></td>
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<td><img width="140" height="161" src="images/gallon-jug.gif" alt="gallon jug" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>So now I know that 1 ounce is too small for me, but 1 gallon is too much. I think I will ask for a pint of juice!</p>
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<p>Final thoughts about measuring liquids: </p>
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<div class="center80">
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<p align="center"><strong>1 Gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 16 cups= 128 fluid ounces</strong></p>
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</div><p class="center"><img src="images/us-gallon-quart-pint-cup.svg" alt="us gallon quart pint cup" /></p>
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<h2>Mass (Weight)</h2>
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<p>Next I wanted to eat some chocolate ... so I should learn about mass. You often call it "weight", but it is only because of the gravity on your planet that items have weight! </p>
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<p>Tom says I need to know:</p>
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<div id="midul">
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<ul>
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<li><b>Ounces</b></li>
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<li><b>Pounds</b></li>
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<li><b>Tons</b></li>
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</ul></div>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td width="7%"> </td>
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<td width="76%"><h3>Ounces Again!</h3>
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<p>One thing that really confused me is that when I asked for a drink I could use ounces, but ounces are also used for mass ...</p>
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<p>... the same word can be used in two different measuring systems! How amazing is that? But they are really different.</p></td>
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<td width="17%"><img src="images/bathroom-scales.jpg" alt="bathroom-scales" width="102" height="102" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Tom says:</p>
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<div class="center80">
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<p align="center" class="larger">If you mean an ounce of <b>fluid </b>say <b>"fluid ounce"</b> ("fl oz")<br />
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Otherwise ounce usually means mass.</p>
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</div>
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<p>So we are not talking about fluids! I already had a drink. I need to know about mass.</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="images/bread-slice.jpg" alt="slice of bread" width="100" height="93" /></td>
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<td><p>The smallest unit of mass is <b>ounces</b> (oz). A slice of bread is about one ounce. It is very light. </p>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>But when you add up the ounces you get a new label for mass:</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="images/bathroom-scales.jpg" alt="bathroom-scales" width="102" height="102" /></td>
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<td><p>If you have 16 ounces, it can also be called a <b>pound</b> (lb). Typically, this is the unit that you use to measure your own weight. </p>
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<p align="center" class="large">1 pound = 16 ounces</p>
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<p>Pounds are used to measure lots of things from people to food to animals. </p>
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<p>Tom says he weighs 90 pounds.</p></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>But if something weighs many pounds we use yet another label</p>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td> </td>
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<td><p>2,000 pounds is also one <b>ton</b>. </p>
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<p align="center"><span class="large">1 ton = 2,000 pounds</span></p>
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<p>That is really heavy! Trucks, ships and heavy equipment are measured using tons instead of pounds.</p>
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<p align="right">An elephant has a mass of about <b>8 tons</b>!</p></td>
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<td valign="bottom"><img src="images/elephant.jpg" alt="elephant" width="109" height="120" /></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p> </p>
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<p>So now I know that 1 ounce of chocolate is too small for me, but 1 ton is way too much. I think I will ask for a pound of chocolate!</p>
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<p>Final thoughts about mass:</p>
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<div class="center80">
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<div align="center"> <p><strong>1 pound = 16 ounces</strong><br />
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</p>
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<p><strong>1 Ton = 2,000 pounds = 32,000 ounces</strong> </p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2>Length</h2>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/carpenters-rule.jpg" alt="carpenter's rule" width="156" height="111" /></p>
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<p>The last kind of measurement we will explore is length. This is important for lots of different reasons. Measurement of length helps you to know how far you have traveled, how far you have left to travel, how tall you are and many other things.</p>
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<p>I need to know about: </p>
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<div id="midul">
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<ul>
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<li><b>Inches</b></li>
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<li><b>Feet</b></li>
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<li><b>Yards</b></li>
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<li><b>Miles</b></li>
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</ul></div>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="images/fingers.jpg" alt="fingers" width="116" height="87" /></td>
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<td><p>Small units of length are called <b>inches</b>. </p>
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<p>The last joint of your finger or thumb is about 1 inch (depending on how big your fingers are!).</p> </td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>Lots of things are measured in inches from rainfall to paper length. </p>
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<p>Measuring in inches gives us a way for everyone to understand the size of something. </p>
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<p><img src="images/feet.jpg" alt="feet" width="133" height="133" style="float:left; margin: 10px;" /> </p>
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<p><span class="larger">When we have 12 inches together, it is known as a <b>foot</b>.</span> </p>
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<p align="center" class="large">1 foot = 12 inches</p>
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<p>A long time ago, people used their feet to measure things. But everyone has different sized feet so it did not work very well.</p>
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<p>Using 12 inches put together to make one foot lets everyone have an accurate picture of what exactly a "foot" of length is.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/guitar-length.jpg" alt="1 meter" width="259" height="172" /></p>
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<p>When 3 feet are together, this is called a yard. (This isn't the same thing as a lawn, though they are both referred to as a "yard"!) </p>
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<p align="center" class="large">1 yard = 3 feet</p>
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<p>The length of this guitar is about 1 yard.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/roads.jpg" alt="roads" width="156" height="100" /></p>
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<p>When you put together 1,760 yards, you have a <b>mile</b>. </p>
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<p align="center" class="large">1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet</p>
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<p>Miles are long distances and are mostly used to measure the distance between places which are far away from each other. Most people refer to miles when they are driving, biking or jogging.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>Final thoughts about measuring length:</p>
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<div class="center80">
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<p align="center"><strong>1 foot = 12 inches</strong> </p>
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<p align="center"><strong>1 yard = 3 feet = 36 inches</strong></p>
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<p align="center"><strong>1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet = 63,360 inches</strong></p>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 20px 5px 0;"><img src="images/thermometer.gif" alt="thermometer" width="64" height="300" /></p><h2>Temperature</h2>
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<p>I was feeling a bit hot, so I asked Tom how to measure <a href="../temperature-conversion.html">temperature</a>.</p>
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<p>So he showed me a <a href="thermometer.html">thermometer</a><b>. </b>But I saw <b>2 sets of numbers</b>!</p>
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<p>Tom explained that a thermometer measures in degrees (°) of either <b>Celsius or Fahrenheit</b>. </p>
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<p><i>"Why two scales?", I asked. </i></p>
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<p><i>Tom said that some people like one scale and some like the other, and that I should learn both!</i></p>
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<p>He then gave me an example: when water freezes the thermometer shows:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><b>0 degrees Celsius</b> on the left side, </li>
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<li>but on the right side it shows <b>32 degrees Fahrenheit</b>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>Two numbers for the same thing!</p>
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<p>He gave me more examples.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>A hot sunny day with a temperature of <b>30 degrees Celsius</b> is <b>86 degrees in Fahrenheit</b>. </li>
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<li>Water boils at <b>100 degrees Celsius</b> or <b>212 degrees Fahrenheit</b>. </li>
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<li>And you can bake cookies in your oven at a temperature of <b>180 degrees Celsius</b>, which is <b>356 degrees Fahrenheit</b>.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>I decided to get my own thermometer, so I can learn all about this.</p>
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<h2>Bye for Now!</h2>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
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<tr>
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<td><img src="../images/style/maggie.gif" alt="Maggie" width="144" height="206" /></td>
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<td><p><strong>I hope you enjoyed learning all about measurement. </strong></p>
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<p><strong>Now I must return home. </strong></p>
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<p><strong>Keep measuring until I see you again!!!!!!!!!</strong></p></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<div class="questions">
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<script type="text/javascript">getQ(976, 977, 978, 979, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 3607, 3608);</script>
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</div>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="metric-system-introduction.html">Introduction to Metric Units</a>
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<a href="index.html">Measurement Index</a> </div>
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