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146 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
146 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
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<title>Moment or Torque</title>
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<!-- #BeginEditable "Body" -->
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<h1 class="center">Moment or Torque</h1>
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<p>Moment, or torque, is a <b>turning force</b>.</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/moment-wrench.svg" alt="moment force at right angles on wrench" /></p>
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<p class="words"><b>Moment</b>: Force times the Distance at right angles.</p>
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<p style="float:left; margin: 0 10px 5px 0;"><img src="images/moment-fishing-rod.jpg" width="180" height="235" alt="moment fishing rod" /></p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>You can feel moment when holding onto a fishing rod.</p>
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<p>As well as holding up its weight you have to stop it from rotating downwards.</p><div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: 120 Newtons of force at 0.3 m</h3>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/moment-wrench-ex1.svg" alt="moment force at right angles on wrench" /></p>
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<p class="center"><span class="center larger"><b>M</b> = 120 N × 0.3 m = <b>36 Nm</b></span></p>
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</div>
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<p> </p>
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/moment-wrenches.svg" alt="moment force and distance examples for wrench" /></p>
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<h2>At Right Angles</h2>
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<p>Remember to use the distance at <b>right angles</b> to the force.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>A different angle and we get less moment.</p>
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<p> </p>
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<p> </p>
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<p>And pushing directly towards the bolt produces no moment at all.</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example (continued): 115° instead of 90°</h3>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/moment-wrench-ex2.svg" alt="moment force at right angles on wrench" /></p>
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<p class="center"><span class="center larger"><b>M</b> = 120 N × 0.3 m × sin(115°) = <b>32.63... Nm</b></span></p>
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</div>
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<h2>Levers</h2>
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<div class="example">
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<p style="float:right; margin: 0 0 5px 10px;"><img src="images/lever-torque.svg" alt="lever torque 500N at 0.7m applies force at 0.07m" /></p>
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<h3>Example: What is the Force F?</h3>
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<p>The moment from the 500 N is:</p>
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<p class="center larger">500 N × 0.7 m = 350 N m</p>
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<p>That will equal the moment from force F:</p>
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<p class="center larger">F × 0.07 m = 350 N m</p>
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<p>Rearrange:</p>
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<p class="center larger">F = 350 N m / 0.07 m = <b>5000 N</b></p>
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<p>It is 10 times larger.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Levers are so important that there are names for each part: <b>Effort</b>, <b>Load</b> and <b>Fulcrum</b>:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/fulcrum.svg" alt="fulcrum effort and load" /></p>
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<h2>Moment on a Beam</h2>
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<p>This beam is stuck into the wall (called a cantilever):</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/force-ex5a.svg" alt="man on cantilever" /><br></p>
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<p>The Free Body Diagram looks like this:</p>
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<p class="center"><img src="images/force-ex5b.svg" alt="force cantilever free body diagram" /></p>
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<p>The upwards force <b>R</b> balances the downwards <b>Weight</b>.</p>
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<p>With only those two forces the beam will spin like a propeller!</p>
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<p>But there is also a <b>Moment</b> that balances it out.</p>
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<div class="example">
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<h3>Example: Our guy has a mass of 80 kg, causing 785 N of force</h3>
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<p><b>785 N</b> acting <b>3.2 m</b> from the wall causes a moment of:</p>
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<p class="center larger"><b>M</b> = 785 N × 3.2 m = <b>2512 Nm</b></p>
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</div>
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<p>And that moment is what stops the beam from rotating. (Imagine the wall was poorly made, what would happen when our guy stands on the beam?)</p>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<p> </p>
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<div class="questions">
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<script>getQ(17571, 17575, 17577, 17579, 17581, 17583, 17585, 11936, 17530, 17584);</script> </div>
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<div class="related">
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<a href="force.html">Force</a>
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<a href="index.html">Physics Index</a>
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Copyright © 2020 MathsIsFun.com
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